Arizona state House votes to repeal Civil War-era abortion ban, Diddy’s associate pleads not guilty in court to drug possession charge, residents in Flint, Michigan are still fighting for clean water 10 years after crisis.
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#Arizona #Abortion #IsraelHamasWar
Finally about time!!!!!!!!!!!
Who cares
😇💙💙💙🙏🇱🇷🌏
Biden , give our money back
You can call them protesters but really their students American students
They’re *
They shouldn’t be protesting like that, though on the colleges that’s just not right
😍🇺🇬
🥰🍓❤️😍🇺🇬
Black men sure can speak out on everybody else but black women!!😂😂😂🙄🙄😏 They’re precious PREFERENCES! IN WHICH I APPLAUD THEM! 👏🏿👏🏿👏🏿👏🏽 I’m All About the new Beige People!
😊😅😮😢😂
🥱😱🤨🤠😇
Johnson calling someone else weak a bit rich.
Sorry Mike the JEWISH behavior in Israel towards PALESTINIAN unarmed women and children is a bonified WAR CRIME! There’s no dancing around the TRUTH !
No wounder the children want student loan forgiveness. When they become adult taxpayers and pay there own loans off then and ond only then can anyone take cry babies seriously.
The fact they abducted a 4yo girl also new-borns should underline exactly why no one should ever negotiate with HAMAS.
where were you in 2018 Gaza? The IDF bombed Gaza multiple times 2-3 days before Oct 7. The IDF started the war.
@@jjboyd01 It’s amazing that people try to justify what Hamas has done and is doing by mentioning body counts without any context.
In May 2018 Hamas fired 4,360 unguided rockets and mortars into Israel and the IDF fired back. Is that the bombing you’re talking about?
Did you know that within 10 years Hamas has fired over 20,000 rockets and mortars at Israel targeting civilians, that’s not counting 2023 – present. Since October 2023 roughly 11,500 projectiles have been launched at Israel from Hamas.
How exactly did Israel start the war? lol
@@jjboyd01 😆😆🤡🤡
yesterday a newborn who was was removed from her mothers mothers whomb in and emergency in a C-section died. Is___ hand done an airstrike on the mother so they had to take the baby. But i guess that’s fine.
@@scienceinaction1519 gross. I can’t follow it any more. Children nd grand-children are a blessing . most of the time.
I can’t even imagine
America you are careless and sleeping while your internal enemies has crept behind you and taken over your lives. That is what makes you an unreliable ally.
THE 1947-48 AGREEMENT BROKERED BY THE UNITED NATION’S AND SIGNED BY ISRAEL AGREEING TO A TWO STATE AGREEMENT GRANTING THE PALESTINIAN PEOPLE STATEHOOD WAS RENEGED UPON BY ISRAEL no excuse is available to justify ISRAELS POSITION because they reneged on the agreement and broke their end of the agreement. Mike Johnson smell the coffee and stop the lying please .
Hallie Jackson, why don’t you cover the reasons why students are protesting? Why haven’t I seen even a short clip about the hundreds of children whose bodies have been discovered in mass graves earlier this month – young children, piled into the dirt, shot to death with their hands bound behind their backs?? These are victims of Israeli military using American weapons, American bullets, American equipment!!! As an alum of Columbia University, I am very proud of those students who are participating in anti-war, anti-genocide protests right now. Perhaps if the news media did a better job of bringing these atrocities to light in the present day rather than ten or twenty years later, the American government would have ceased supporting Israel’s thirst for Palestinian blood!
Many of them don’t even know what they are protesting for, I doubt a lot of them could even find Gaza on a map. The only children I have seen with their hands tied as you described are those by Hamas.
Maybe if all those “Useful Idiots” as Hamas refers to them as, were to put their effort into protesting for Hamas to surrender and releasing hostages, they would be doing something constructive and actually save lives. Might want to stop watching CNN
It called fact checking. You are repeating hamas lies.
I don’t think we have a choice because we’re allies with them but I totally agree with you
Johnson must make a state law that will punished schools having rally inside campus by ten years closure and prohibits students to get involve in rally if the reason is about outside the United States of America.
More Hamas propaganda! Stop it.
The notification sounds they play when they highlight headlines are really annoying.
I agree 100%. I can’t even watch this anymore.
*”Anti-war”* must be a dirty word because corporate media seems incapable of applying it. Indeed, the “Pro-Palestine” protests have gone global. It is what happens when governments pretending to be “democratic” crush free speech.
*Mike Johnson* should feel at home in North Korea. In North Korea, the understanding is that protests aren’t allowed, which is what Mike Johnson is advocating at Columbia. To silence protesters, he called for the defunding of Universities and revoking student visas, as if to say all the protesters are international students. Somebody forgot to tell Mikie that taxpayer money doesn’t personally belong to him or the government. It’s the people’s money. In a “democracy,” the government doesn’t get to deny spending the people’s money on the people, OR does it? 🙂
Fantastic point… Looks like somebody has been paying attention in class. Keep telling truth, if you get one ear at a time it was worth the trouble.
fake news is destroying America
I am sick of politicians using basic human right’s as a tool to divide voters.
How’s that any different than using racism, transphobia, homophobia or religion to divide voters?
Looks like they are going after all of the female college presidents.
Biden wants to end *junk fees* in the airline industry. Good! Now let’s address the *junk fees* that go funding wars and instability across the globe. Being the “genius” that he is, Biden claimed that funneling taxpayer dollars to *fuel* the conflict in Ukraine and the “Middle East” will make the “U.S. and the world *safer.”* What have funding wars got us? The Ukraine war is raging on and weapons used on its battlefields are *getting bigger* or *more lethal.* Israel’s war on Gaza is showing *no sign of ending* and Israel thought it was a good idea to *strike Iran’s* embassy. The Houthis have *not relented* on their raids on “ships tied to Israel.” If this is the “world getting safer,” what does a world heading for a catastrophe look like?
We must brook the spiritual space between Abraham’s religious divisions. Only love. 🐝@☮️
It’s “at Columbia ” not “in Colombia”
Lol
Already *forgetful,* huh! Only *two of the three* Tennessee lawmakers *were expelled* from the Tennessee House a year ago. The two who got expelled were young black men. The Republicans attempted to remove the third lawmaker, a white lady, but it failed. So, she kept her post.
I don’t think she should resign.
Virginia Fox would love to see Kent State repeated. That’s why she is’ there.
Wow! Abortions can be Prevented by not spreading them or talking your pill!
Exactly, the school is full of Jewish students, this is outrageous. I’d bet they don’t even know why Hamas picked Oct 7 to start the war. Theyre jumping on the bandwagon, with no regard for American Jews whom are innocent.
Students hiding in fear? I think this is a big lie. Harsh words aren’t violence. But chemical attacks are violent. That was done by JEWISH STUDENTS AGAINST PROTESTERS. don’t lie. Don’t gaslight. Mike Johnson just wants to refund colleges. Not a bad goal, but a bad way to go about it.
Well another round of airline bankruptcy’s we love that
Not strange for us here in Greece. This happens every year, with the dust. It has also been this bad in the past.
Absolutely good, They are great people. People have come from all over the world 🌎 to be there. They are excited about learning and hungry for knowledge.
Whats with all the audio sounds could you be any more annoying.
Mike Johnson has got to go, if he thinks that he can grand stand at Columbia University is just serious bad politicking!!!
I Isa am calling all Muslims at the universities to be calm as I’ll handle this!
I have prayed for Hersh to be alive 🙏🙏🙏 my heart has been with this young man since he was taken with his arm Please be alive ❤❤❤❤❤
I’ve Never watched any TikTok videos ever and won’t click on any links. Nor shop Teamu
IT IS TIME TO HAVE SUPREME COURT JUSTICES ELECTED BY THE PEOPLE!! THESE MONSTERS WE HAVE NOW SHOULD BE IMPEACHED!!
Like literally! Literally they went to literal college to literally speak correctly and they literally sound like middle school girls, literally.
BEWARE OF THE WORDING ON THOSE ABORTION QUESTIONS YOU WILL SEE ON THE BALLOT PEOPLE!!! THEY COULD BE A TRICK TO GET YOU TO VOTE FOR AN ABORTION BAN!!
😂FAKE NEWS SATAN HOME
College encourage protest…. These kids have spent the last 12 years raising their hands to go to the bathroom. Now they have a dorm, and the ability to stand up to authority. Do we want strong Americans? Or timid worker bees?
I will never understand why a group of politicians, a few hundred strong can be so out of touch with the feelings of countless citizens who understand fully and trust their eyes and ears regarding what is happening in Palestine . Mr Johnson, you’re out of your league .
Bottom line election got stolen in 2020 and whoever stole the election need to be held accountable in 2024 which is due right now🔥🇮🇱🔥
N B C
NONE BKASRED CAT😅
She doesn’t want fat people wearing her clothes- can’t hate on that 🎉 good for her.
Context: In 1864, they needed more births as Confederates were being slaughtered.
Prufe❤❤cesar❤paulin❤❤love❤❤😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊❤😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊❤❤😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊❤❤
Why do I feel like all this angst isn’t that pent up Covid quarantine feelings coming to fruition?
American lying saying free speech
❤❤😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊❤😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊❤❤
Black Lives Matter….We lock up more people in this country than any country on the PLANET. NOT RUSSIA…NOT CHINA…NOT INDIA. THE U.S SPENDS 80 BILLION ON THESE CONCENTRATION CAMPS. CHINA HAS 10 TIMES THE POPULATION YET. THE U.S LEADS THE WORLD IN CAGING HUMAN BEINGS. THE MAJORITY OF THEM NOT CONVICTED OF ANY CRIME….WHO IS THE MOST AUTHORITATIVE COUNTY ON THE PLANET……
@FORM,without- A ruin, vacancy, tohu.GENESIS 1.2 And the earth was without form,and
BOTH Federal Laws and the United States Constitution supercede BOTH State Laws and State Constitutions care of the Supremacy Clause in the United States Constitution.
There is no question whether or not it applies based on “what the Laws are, OR what the State wants.”
That’s the exact reason it exists, the State loses every time.
@EL-Y’-MAS
❤❤😊😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅❤❤😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊❤😅😅😅😅❤😅😅😅😅😅😅😅❤😊😊😊😊😊😊❤❤😊😊😊❤❤❤❤😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😊😊
❤❤😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😊😊😊😊😊❤❤😊😊😊😊😅😅❤😅😊
❤❤😅😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊❤😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊❤
Victoria Beckham makes clothes for alim people. Whatvis wrong with that. America is such a fantasy world
Mike Johnson needs to resign immediately. He has made himself an accomplice to genocide.
The thief knows the owner.
A College President should not be forced to resign, at least until Mayorkas and Senate speaker Schumer has “Resigned”!
Biden has turned the world upside down from border to colleges to police defund
.=====> Enhance Your Satisfaction …. By Understanding Your Existence …. Se arch EXISTNC
The American government needs to stay out of the war between Israel and Hamas, and Jewish students need to be safe in their schools. LEAVE THE JEWISH STUDENTS ALONE THEY ARE HERE IN AMERICA AND HAVE NO CONTROL OVER THE WAR OR ANY DECISION THAT THE ISRAELI GOVERNMENT MAKES.
To all your people thinking that we give cash we it is illegal for the USA to fund a war with cash. We give weapons and military vehicles that we no longer use in first aid that is it.
“We are asking Speaker Johnson to immediately resign if he can’t bring order to this chaos”
The shoe fits on the other foot, too, Mr. Johnson.
This is Ludicrous Teachers in my opinion should not be allowed to have guns in class room pepper spray stun guns yes
❤❤prufe❤love❤cesar❤paulin❤😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊❤
❤❤😊😅😅😅😅😊😊😊😊❤
I had a return flight cancelled no notice and had to jump through hoops to get home. Was really frustrating…but with all the talks of controllers being understaffed and pilots/crews overworked…I wonder if this pressure will help or hurt…rather be safe than have refunds expedited 🤷🏽♀️
Maybe the GOP should resign if they cannot bring order to chaos
❤❤😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊❤
Tick Tok on the clock may stop.
STOP IT WITH THOSE SOUNDS!!!!!
0:15: 📰 House Speaker urges Columbia’s President to leave amid pro-Palestinian protests, State Troopers clash in Texas, Arizona takes step to undo abortion ban.
7:15: ⚖️ Governor to sign repeal of 1864 abortion ban in Arizona, Senate urged to act swiftly.
15:01: ⚠️ Family of kidnapped son uncertain of his fate, recent video shows him missing left hand.
21:37: ⏳ Legislation signed into law requires TikTok owners to sell app within nine months or face ban.
27:43: ⚠️ Detection of virus particles in cows raises concerns about potential transmission to humans.
34:40: 📰 Unusual news stories from different regions including stolen ashes, car crashes, and noisy cicadas.
41:38: ⚖️ Discussion on size inclusivity in Victoria Beckham’s new clothing line and the ongoing water crisis in Flint, Michigan.
49:19: ⚠️ Concerns over free speech at Morehouse College amid student protests in Austin, Texas.
56:22: ⚖️ Justices debate health risk versus death risk in abortion legislation.
1:04:22: ✈️ Biden administration pushing for airline accountability through crackdown on junk fees to improve passenger experience.
1:11:07: 🌪️ Dust storms from Africa blowing over the Mediterranean, affecting Turkey with clear skies for now.
1:18:27: 📰 Controversial bill on arming teachers sparks protests and discussions among school districts.
1:25:40: ⚠️ Mayor addresses lead pipe replacement issues in Flint, emphasizing urgency and health risks.
Tammy AI: Get video info faster & better
Biden should push to put back FREE VOIDING of tickets if ticket cancellation is made within 1 hr of purchase due to typo errors and booking errors made by customers. I worked for Expedia before and I encountered quite a good number of Americans make stupid mistakes when they purchase air tickets for example, for name they write, Raffle Winner, thinking they can use this to reward any employee they have during their party’s raffle.
Articles of Entity to the University, League of Nations Passport, Pandemic Status: Minor of Importance, Major of Success: Disturbing the Peace sentence and fine 33 days in jail, $3,300 Fine: Free Independence, Covenant of Abraham, Founding Fathers Natural Right, Republic Strength …
You have a right to abortion until you take a life that is a citizen of the United States:
Why can’t you do what you want to do with your own salary? Is verification legally binding?
The Most High and Mighty Prince James, Defender of the Faith : The righteous shall never be removed: but the wicked shall not inhabit the earth
$ 51 trillion national debt: How much debt for migrants who didn’t apply for asylum in the nearest countries to their dwelling?
😂America needs babies and it doesn’t care where they come from
Loveprufecesarpaulin❤❤😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊❤
Have you ever gazed up at the sky on a starry night?
Sesame Street – Episode 4052
We can broadly divide the provisions of the Bill of Rights into three categories. The First, Second, Third, and Fourth Amendments protect basic individual freedoms; the Fourth (partly), Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, and Eighth protect people suspected or accused of criminal activity or facing civil litigation; and the Ninth and Tenth, are consistent with the framers’ view that the Bill of Rights is not necessarily an exhaustive list of all the rights people have and guarantees a role for state as well as federal government (Figure 4.5).
Toy Story
A Goofy Movie
This article is about the character from The Little Mermaid. For articles that share the same name, see Ariel.
“A girl rescued me. She was singing. She had the most beautiful voice.”
―Prince Eric talking about Ariel[src]
Princess Ariel is the titular protagonist of Disney’s 1989 animated feature film The Little Mermaid. She is the seventh and youngest daughter of King Triton and Queen Athena, rulers of the undersea kingdom of Atlantica. Ariel lived through much of her young life with a passionate – yet forbidden – admiration of the human world and longed to someday experience life on the surface.
Ariel is loosely based on the nameless protagonist of the Danish fairy tale “The Little Mermaid” by Hans Christian Andersen, but unlike the Andersen fairy tale in which the mermaid loses her prince, dies, and gains an immortal soul, the Disney adaptation has a happy ending.
Ariel is the fourth official member of the Disney Princess line-up. She is notable for being the first Disney Princess to be developed after the death of Walt Disney, who incidentally made efforts to adapt The Little Mermaid during his lifetime.
Ariel is an independent, headstrong, and determined young mermaid. She is the youngest and prettiest princess of the sea, but spends most of her time outside the palace walls of Atlantica singing, daydreaming, and adventuring with her best friend, Flounder the guppy fish, and sometimes Sebastian the crab, who is also the royal adviser to Ariel’s father. At the age of 16, she unexpectedly becomes deeply infatuated with a young and handsome human prince named Eric and sacrifices all things dear to her for the chance of being with her one true love.
Walt Disney himself and artist Kay Nielsen began work on the story of The Little Mermaid in the 1930s and early 40s. The feature was to be a very faithful adaption to Hans Christian Andersen’s tale with the Mermaid dying and turning into sea foam in the end. However, after writing the script and illustrating the storyboard, the project was shelved to focus on other projects also in the works such as Dumbo, Bambi, and Fantasia. There have been alternate statements, however, that indicated that Disney may have intended to go for the happy-ending route.[3][4]
In the mid-1980s, the project was finally reopened, yet Disney decided to disregard the dark and grimy aspects of Andersen’s story and make the film a more child-friendly version with a much happier ending which worked better for the company’s brand. However, the development team indicated that the changes given for the film coincidentally matched up with the changes Walt Disney made during his attempted take on the film.[3][4] During development, the studio officially gave their Little Mermaid the aquatic-like name of “Ariel”.
Ariel’s original design was developed by animator Glen Keane, who had reportedly said in an animation lecture that she was based on his own wife. Her appearance was also based on model Sherri Stoner, who provided live-action references for the animators during the development of the film and also inspired the look for Belle. A challenge in animating her for the film was the color required to show her in the changing environments, both under the sea and on land, for which the animators required 32-color models, not including costume changes. The sea-green color of her mermaid tail was a hue specially mixed by the Disney paint lab; the color was named “Ariel” after the character. She has been compared to past Disney heroines from Walt Disney’s lifetime, but is more physically similar to Alice from Alice in Wonderland and Belle from Beauty and the Beast, as they all have big eyes, a broad forehead, and a small mouth and chin.
Jodi Benson, who was predominantly a stage actress when she was cast, was chosen to voice Ariel because the directors felt “it was really important to have the same person doing the singing and speaking voice.” Co-director Ron Clements remarked that her voice had “sweetness” and “youthfulness” that was unique. When recording the vocals for Ariel’s theme song “Part of Your World”, she consented to Howard Ashman’s suggestion that the lights in the studio be dimmed, to “feel a bit more enclosed” and create the feeling of being deep under the sea. She was also encouraged to soften her singing voice almost to the point of speaking so that the song would feel more intimate. Benson has remained as the main voice of Ariel since.
Voice actress Melissa Fahn auditioned for the role and was called back many times but was turned down because she sounded slightly too young.
Toy Story
A Goofy Movie
DuckTales – The Masked Mallard
The First Amendment protects the right to freedom of religious conscience and practice and the right to free expression, particularly of political and social beliefs. The Second Amendment—perhaps the most controversial today—protects the right to defend yourself in your home or other property, and, until the establishment of the National Guard, the collective right to self-defense as part of a militia. The Third Amendment prohibits the government from commandeering people’s homes to house soldiers, particularly in peacetime. Finally, the Fourth Amendment prevents the government from searching one’s person or property or taking evidence without a warrant issued by a judge, with certain exceptions.
If you watch for several hours, the stars seem to move across the sky.
Sesame Street – Episode 4052
The First Amendment is perhaps the most famous provision of the Bill of Rights. It is arguably also the most extensive, because it guarantees both religious freedoms and the right to express your views in public. Specifically, the First Amendment says:
“Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.”
Given the broad scope of this amendment, it is helpful to break it into its two major parts.
The first portion deals with religious freedom. However, it actually protects two related sorts of freedom: first, it protects people from having a set of religious beliefs imposed on them by the government, and second, it protects people from having their own religious beliefs restricted by government authorities.
Toy Story
A Goofy Movie
Ariel is a bright, spirited, and headstrong mermaid princess with a strong passion for adventure and exploration. Her tendency to explore the more mysterious depths of the ocean (or more importantly, the world beyond the ocean) can lead to an array of problems for both herself and her friends, and in the confines of her personal life – as seen when she gets into an argument with her overprotective father, King Triton. Despite this, Ariel’s selflessness, compassion, and intuitive way of thinking often resolve such problems, as she always takes full responsibility for her actions.
At the start of the original film, Ariel is shown to have a burning obsession with the human world and a desire to learn more about their culture. Unlike her father at first, she views humans as aspiring creatures, astonished by their ability to constantly create, and heavily goes against the idea of them being “barbaric” and selfish as a result of this. This passion is revealed to have been prominent throughout Ariel’s life years before the events of the film, as seen in the television series. By the point of the film, as seen through her lament, “Part of Your World”, Ariel’s obsession with the human world has reached unimaginable heights, as she spends most of her time focusing on finding, observing, and collecting various human objects that have sunk into the sea. Her obsession has also taken a toll on her emotionally, as the song begins with a sense of wonder and enchantment, but ultimately climaxes with a soft end, filled with hopelessness and despair, representing Ariel’s dying hopes of ever experiencing life upon the surface. These feelings of desperation and despair are the prime motive behind Ariel’s eventual deal with the sea witch Ursula, to become human and experience the world above the surface. Despite not having the best relationship with her father, especially regarding their respective views on humanity, she nonetheless is very loyal to him as well as her sisters. After Ursula explained the deal to her, Ariel expressed some hesitance as she realized that if she succeeded in the deal (never mind if she failed her end of the bargain), she wouldn’t be able to see Triton or her sisters again, and later when Ursula cursed Triton, Ariel’s first action was to attack Ursula to avenge him, even calling the sea witch a monster for what she did and for the sea witch not fulfilling her end of the bargain.
Ariel is extremely compassionate and loving towards almost all living things; more so platonically than romantically. This is most notably seen through her friendship with her closest companion, Flounder, and even her father’s court composer, Sebastian, who, despite being against Ariel’s recklessness and overly adventurous nature, is given a considerably large amount of love and respect from the princess, which is often reciprocated. With Flounder, she is comforting and patient, as well as protective, with the tendency to risk her own life for the guppy on various occasions.
Her ability to befriend various creatures, including an abandoned killer whale, an irrationally feared sea creature, and even the son of one of her nemeses is displayed throughout the franchise. She is also one of the very few to be patient with Scuttle as she barely gets annoyed with the seagull’s absent-mindedness and quarks. Before she met Eric, she was rarely interested in romantic relationships, not even with any of the merman princes that Triton tried to get her to marry. The only known exception was Prince Waverly of the Pacifica Kingdom, with whom she was infatuated.
However, after meeting Eric, Ariel is revealed to be a romantic, willing to make daring sacrifices for the sake of true love. Her love for him is validated by Eric’s returned selflessness and sacrificial actions for the sake of love; notably seen during the climax of the film.
Like Ariel’s father, Triton, she has a bad temper if she is ever provoked, although her temper is not as short as his. Although spirited, even she has had some degree of self-doubts about herself, as she actually at one point considered her father might have been correct and that she may have been a freak for having any fascination for humanity. She also had a degree of seeing the good in things, as she also doubted that humans could have been pure evil from their tools and artworks.
Also, despite her usual naivety and impulsiveness, Ariel has shown to be serious, careful, and very intuitive on many occasions. One example of her occasionally showing intuitiveness was just before exploring the sunken ship, where she suggested that Flounder stay outside and be on the lookout for sharks in the area when the latter tried to fake illness.
In The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea, as an adult, Ariel has matured into a sophisticated and distinguished woman, fully embracing her responsibilities as a mother and the princess consort of Eric’s kingdom and fully adapting to her human body that she has had for some time now thanks to her father’s magic. However, when Morgana threatens Melody at her christening, Ariel becomes overprotective of her daughter similar to how she was treated by Triton in the first film. As a result, she severs all ties with Atlantica and the ocean in hopes of preventing Morgana from using Melody’s heritage to her advantage. Despite being happy with her new life as a human mother and wife, she misses her father and sisters but keeps this hidden from Melody for the latter’s own safety. Later, she comes to realize that this decision does more harm than good.
Toy Story
A Goofy Movie
DuckTales – The Masked Mallard
The first of these two freedoms is known as the establishment clause. Congress is prohibited from creating or promoting a state-sponsored religion (this now includes the states). When the United States was founded, most countries around the world had an established church or religion—an officially sponsored set of religious beliefs and values. In Europe, bitter wars were fought between and within states, often because the established church of one territory was in conflict with that of another. Wars and civil strife were common, particularly between states with Protestant and Catholic churches that had differing interpretations of Christianity. Even today, the legacy of these wars remains, most notably in Ireland, where complications from Brexit have rekindled tensions between a mostly Catholic south and a largely Protestant north that have been simmering for nearly a century.
The sky seems to be rotating right over your head.
Sesame Street – Episode 4052
Many settlers in the United States came to this continent as refugees from such wars; others came to find a place where they could follow their own religion with like-minded people in relative peace. Even if the early United States had wanted to establish a single national religion, the diversity of religious beliefs within and between the colonies would have made this quite impossible. Nonetheless the differences were small; most people were of European origin and professed some form of Christianity (although in private some of the founders, most notably Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine, and Benjamin Franklin, held what today would be seen as more pluralistic Unitarian or deistic views). So for much of U.S. history, the establishment clause was not particularly important—the vast majority of citizens were Protestant Christians of some form, and since the federal government was relatively uninvolved in the day-to-day lives of the people, there was little opportunity for conflict. That said, there were some citizenship and office-holding restrictions on Jews within some of the states.
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However, at one point, Ariel subtly alludes to her true heritage, as she mentions to Melody when sympathizing with her about not fitting in that she was “a fish out of water”, with Melody not quite believing her.
Regardless of Ariel’s few flaws, she is very much selfless, sweet-natured, and inspirational. However, her most notable trait was her deep love and fascination for humans, having desired to become human during the first film’s events, even before meeting her future husband, Eric. However, she did not always have this trait; until she was 15 years old, she expressed a deep fear of humans similar to Triton’s prejudice towards humans, although her witnessing a human saving a beached dolphin changed her views on the matter. Ironically, the human responsible for saving the dolphin was Eric, although she never knew it.
Ariel is a beautiful adolescent mermaid with an hourglass figure, fair skin, red lips, red hair, and large, aqua-blue eyes. In stark contrast to the three previous Disney Princesses created before her (Snow White, Cinderella, and Aurora), who were drawn with smaller eyes and smaller heads in proportion to their bodies similar to adult women, Ariel is drawn with somewhat semi-neotenous features, with larger eyes and with a head more similar to a child’s than an adult’s in proportion to her body, giving her an appearance of youth rather than maturity. This suggests the combination of youthful innocence and physical maturity that Ariel represents and it eventually became the design basis of most Disney Princesses created after her in recent years, such as Jasmine, Rapunzel, Anna, Elsa, and Moana.
From childhood to her teenage years, she wore a lavender seashell bikini top. As a child, her lips were the same color as her skin, and as a teenager, they are bright red. Ariel’s most defining feature is her long, flowing, thick, bright red hair. From the waist down, she has a green horizontal fish-like tail with sea-green scales and sea-foam green fins and a matching V-shaped waistline resembling fish lips that reveals her midriff and her belly button. She most likely has the reproductive organs of a cetacean. In Little Mermaid’s Island, her seashell top looks more like a strapless top that covers all of her torso. She is also fairly tall in human form, being only a few inches shorter than Eric, himself a fairly tall human.
When Ariel becomes a human, the only article of clothing she wore was her seashell bikini top, leftover from her mermaid form. She eventually wears an old sail from a shipwreck with some rope to keep it closed, fashioned by her friend Scuttle. Being prepared for dinner, she wears a pink-and-white gown, silver barrettes in her hair, and pearl white earrings. Getting ready for bedtime, she wears a pink nightgown. After being taken in by Prince Eric, she wears a multi-shade-of-blue dress consisting of a powder-blue blouse with long sleeves, a midnight-blue bodice, and a cobalt-blue foot-length skirt, along with black heels. She wears a big royal blue bow in her hair. While wearing the outfit when she swims through the boat to stop the wedding between Eric and Vanessa (Ursula in disguise) before her feet revert to her mermaid tail, her hair is worn loose and she does not wear the heels. After she’s turned into a human once again, she wears a periwinkle, glittering dress. After she kisses Eric and during their wedding, she wears a white wedding dress with pale green trimming, big puffy sleeves, and a sparkling golden tiara on her veil.
During and after her daughter Melody’s christening, she wears a gold-and-white dress and has her hair in a low ponytail decorated with a white bow. She also wears a periwinkle gown with an up-do decorated, a golden tiara with green and white gems, a golden necklace and earrings with a green gem, and periwinkle heels with a yellow ornament during Melody’s 12th birthday party with her hair being a bit shorter due to it being adjusted and pulled in a bun. She still wears the same up-do with a green peasant dress, with black ballet flats, when she’s on Eric’s ship and a blue-and-white dress with light blue earrings in the song “Here on the Land and Sea” in the second movie. In one of the video games, she wears an aqua-colored gown with a matching flower on the side of her hair.
In the live-action film, Ariel is different than her original animation counterpart; she has olive skin, glossy auburn hair, peach lips, and brown eyes. Her lavender seashell bikini top now has scale designs and is mixed up with the colors of teal. Her green mermaid tail becomes teal which was combined with red and pink scales below the tail.
When she becomes human and is taken in by Prince Eric, her dress is different from her animation counterpart. It was a cerulean blue dress with white designs and her hair was worn loose while wearing a pale pink headband instead of a big bow. She also wears pink lace-up boots.
Mermaid Physiology: As a mermaid, Ariel possesses superhuman attributes, such as superhuman durability, speed, and senses. Ariel still retains two of her superhuman attributes even in her human form.
Aquapathy: Ariel is capable of understanding and communicating with other aquatic creatures, albeit only with the sentient creatures.
Superhuman Durability: Ariel is far more durable than normal humans and certain aquatic creatures, being able to withstand immense underwater pressures. Ariel can also withstand great impacts, such as surviving falls from tremendous heights that would have severely injured or killed a normal human.
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DuckTales – The Masked Mallard
Worry about state sponsorship of religion in the United States began to reemerge in the latter part of the nineteenth century. An influx of immigrants from Ireland and eastern and southern Europe brought large numbers of Catholics. Fearing the new immigrants and their children would not assimilate, states passed laws forbidding government aid to religious schools. New religious organizations, such as The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Seventh-day Adventists, Jehovah’s Witnesses, and many others, also emerged, blending aspects of Protestant beliefs with other ideas and teachings at odds with the more traditional Protestant churches of the era. At the same time, public schooling was beginning to take root on a wide scale. Since most states had traditional Protestant majorities and most state officials were Protestants themselves, the public school curriculum incorporated many Protestant features; at times, these features would come into conflict with the beliefs of children from other Christian sects or from other religious traditions.
In fact, from the Northern Hemisphere, the sky appears to rotate completely around the North Star once every 24 hours.
Sesame Street – Episode 4052
The establishment clause today tends to be interpreted a bit more broadly than in the past; it not only forbids the creation of a “Church of the United States” or “Church of Ohio” it also forbids the government from favoring one set of religious beliefs over others or favoring religion (of any variety) over non-religion. Thus, the government cannot promote, say, Islamic beliefs over Sikh beliefs or belief in God over atheism or agnosticism (Figure 4.6).
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Magic: In the episode “T’ank You For Dat, Ariel”, Ariel briefly becomes a sea witch and learns how to use magic. She used her newfound talents to grant Sebastian’s wish to be bigger. Unfortunately, it continuously worked, making him continue to grow to the point that he surfaced while standing and it was fueled by the light of the full moon. She lost her magic and status as a sea witch when she wished the whole mess never happened and her magic did just that, erasing the entire event and influencing her so it wouldn’t happen in the reset timeline.
Superhuman Senses: Ariel’s senses are far more developed than normal humans and certain aquatic creatures, allowing her to see clearly in the dark.
Superhuman Speed: Ariel is much faster than normal humans and certain aquatic creatures. She can move at blur-like speeds while underwater and was able to outpace Glut (a great white shark) with relative ease. Ariel was also able to get from Eric’s kingdom to Atlantica as well as getting from Atlantica to Norway in less than a day. According to Sebastian, Ariel is the fastest mermaid in all of Atlantica.
Aquatic Breathing: Ariel is capable of breathing both on land and in the water indefinitely.
Thermoendurance: Ariel is immune to extremely cold or hot temperatures and environments.
Adaptability: Ariel is capable of gaining knowledge very quickly. After becoming human via Ursula’s magic potion, she was able to learn how to stand up in a few minutes, and walk right after. Ariel also quickly figured out how to run when Max appears and unintentionally frightens her. She quickly learned about human customs. Ariel was also able to master other skills on land at a much faster pace that would have taken normal humans months or years to learn, such as dancing, horse riding, etc.
Expert Singer: Ariel is a highly skilled singer. According to Sebastian, she has the most beautiful voice in all of Atlantica. Ariel’s voice is so beautiful that Eric fell in love with her just hearing her sing to him once while she was drawing him to consciousness after rescuing him from drowning at sea.
Expert Dancer: Ariel is a highly skilled dancer. In her mermaid form, she is a very talented dancer and after becoming human she was able to dance with Eric as if she was human for years.
Expert Swimmer: Ariel is a highly skilled swimmer. In her mermaid form, she is able to swim in a dolphin-like manner. But after becoming human via Ursula’s magic potion, Ariel was initially not very good at swimming (due to her inability to breathe underwater and swim without her mermaid tail that she was accustomed to) so Flounder and Sebastian had to help Ariel get to the surface, otherwise she would have drowned. However, by the time of the events of The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea, Ariel has regained her swimming skills.
Expert Rider: Ariel is a highly skilled rider, being capable of riding giant seahorses and also horses. She can easily ride Stormy and Seabiscuit, as well as command the reigns of a carriage controlled by Triton’s dolphins. In Ariel’s human form, she is able to ride horses in a similar way, which is seen when Eric attempts to teach her how to ride a carriage controlled by his horse. Initially, Ariel lost control of the horse, but she soon was able to gain control of the animal. In the storybook of The Little Mermaid: Ariel’s Baby Beau, sometime after Ariel’s marriage to Eric, he gifted her a foal, whom she named Beau. Once Beau became an adult, she began to ride the horse very often with skill and enthusiasm similar to that of riding giant seahorses.
Expert Musician: Ariel is a highly skilled musician, being capable of playing the bongo drums, guitar, harp, and piano with admirable skill. The only musical instrument that she is not proficient at is the sea calliope, the equivalent of the organ. Even when Sebastian tries his best to teach Ariel how to play the calliope, her skills with it don’t improve at all. Her lack of skill with this musical instrument is so bad that it not only wakes up the Seaclops but also annoys the sea monster to the point that it tries to annihilate Ariel.
Sign Language: Ariel knows sign language, as she is able to understand everything that Gabriella says.
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DuckTales – The Masked Mallard
The key question that faces the courts is whether the establishment clause should be understood as imposing, in Thomas Jefferson’s words, “a wall of separation between church and state.” In a 1971 case known as Lemon v. Kurtzman, the Supreme Court established the Lemon test for deciding whether a law or other government action that might promote a particular religious practice should be allowed to stand.13 The Lemon test has three criteria that must be satisfied for such a law or action to be found constitutional and remain in effect:
1. The action or law must not lead to excessive government entanglement with religion; in other words, policing the boundary between government and religion should be relatively straightforward and not require extensive effort by the government.
2. The action or law cannot either inhibit or advance religious practice; it should be neutral in its effects on religion.
3. The action or law must have some secular purpose; there must be some non-religious justification for the law.
For example, imagine your state decides to fund a school voucher program that allows children to attend private and parochial schools at public expense; the vouchers can be used to pay for school books and transportation to and from school. Would this voucher program be constitutional?
Now think about what you see every day.
Sesame Street – Episode 4052
Let’s start with the secular-purpose prong of the test. Educating children is a clear, non-religious purpose, so the law has a secular purpose. The law would neither inhibit nor advance religious practice, so that prong would be satisfied. The remaining question—and usually the one on which court decisions turn—is whether the law leads to excessive government entanglement with religious practice. Given that transportation and school books generally have no religious purpose, there is little risk that paying for them would lead the state to much entanglement with religion. The decision would become more difficult if the funding were unrestricted in use or helped to pay for facilities or teacher salaries; if that were the case, it might indeed be used for a religious purpose, and it would be harder for the government to ensure that it wasn’t without audits or other investigations that could lead to too much government entanglement with religion.
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Oxygen: When Ariel is in her human form, she cannot breathe underwater. If she remains underwater for too long, she will lose consciousness and eventually drown. Despite this, Ariel can at least hold her breath far longer than normal humans.
Limited Knowledge: Initially, Ariel had limited knowledge of the human world due to not traveling to the surface very often and not directly interacting with humans. She didn’t know much about their culture and objects that are used by land-dwellers. This also led her to make up names for the human objects that she would find, such as calling a magnifying glass a “biggermajiger”. She once also used a fork to comb her hair due to Scuttle telling her that is how to use that object. She later realized the mistake when she saw the confused looks of Eric and Grimsby’s faces, much to her embarrassment. After marrying and starting to live in Eric’s kingdom, her knowledge of humans and the land above water has greatly improved.
At the film’s start, Ariel, and her fish friend Flounder swim through a shipwreck where they salvage human items. During their adventure, they are chased out of the sunken ship by a shark, but Ariel manages to outwit him. After escaping him, Ariel and Flounder swim up to the surface, where they speak to Scuttle to identify human objects. He misidentifies a fork as a “dinglehopper” used to straighten their hair and a pipe as a “snarfblatt” used to make music. The identification of the latter reminds her of the concert she was supposed to be a part of which she had forgotten about. Ariel hurries home to Triton and Sebastian, who both rebuke her for missing the concert. Hearing from Flounder about her encounter with a seagull, Triton reprimands Ariel for swimming up to the surface and demands that she never does so again, driving Ariel to tearfully swim off to her secret grotto.
There, Ariel’s collection of human objects is kept, hidden away from the other merpeople. She feels that collecting them isn’t enough and gets more curious about the human world, even expressing her desire to actually live in it. As Sebastian tries to talk Ariel out of her obsession, the mermaid spots a ship passing above. Curious, she quickly swims up to the surface and towards it. Among the humans aboard, Ariel’s attention is drawn to a male human named Eric. Just then, a storm moves in and destroys the ship. Ariel looks around for Eric and finds him floating unconscious in the sea. She saves him from drowning and takes his body to shore, where Eric starts to breathe again. Ariel sings to Eric as he steadily regains his consciousness. Eric’s manservant, Grimsby, suddenly arrives in search of the prince, though he fails to notice Ariel. As Eric is taken into care, Ariel watches on, even more determined to accomplish her dreams of living alongside humanity.
Back at Atlantica, Ariel’s sisters hear her humming dreamily, causing them to realize she has fallen in love. Ariel comes up with a plan to somehow see Eric again, but Sebastian tries to talk her out of it, telling her how life under the sea is better than the world up above through the song “Under the Sea”. Flounder arrives and takes Ariel away to show her a surprise at her grotto, the statue of Prince Eric that he somehow salvaged from the wrecked ship. Unfortunately, King Triton soon appears, having learned from Sebastian (when his anxiety gets the best of him) that Ariel had rescued a human from drowning and he berates her for breaking his rules of association with humans, though Ariel replies that Eric would have died if she hadn’t saved him and he shouldn’t be so quick to judge him. After Triton once again lectures Ariel on how bad humans are, she declares that she loves Eric and doesn’t care if they are different species. Shocked and enraged at this display of blasphemy from his youngest daughter, Triton loses his temper and, in a blind rage, proceeds to destroy all the human objects in the grotto with his trident, including the statue of Eric. Devastated, Ariel breaks down in tears, and an ashamed Triton leaves while regretting what he has done. Sebastian, who has accompanied him, tries to console Ariel, only for her to tell him to leave her alone, blaming him for her grotto’s destruction by squealing on her to Triton.
After Sebastian and Flounder exit, Flotsam and Jetsam appear to convince Ariel to see their mistress, Ursula, who may have the power to make her dream come true. She, after initially attempting to refuse, reluctantly follows them to Ursula’s Lair, while Sebastian and Flounder follow her, with Ariel making it clear to Sebastian that she is still upset with him for tattling on her regarding Eric. At the fortress, Ursula – who knows that Ariel is in love with a human through spying on her via Flotsam and Jetsam – makes a proposition: in exchange for her voice, Ariel will become a human for three days, during which she must get a kiss of true love from Eric before the sun sets on the third day. Should she succeed, she will remain human permanently; should she fail, she will turn back into a mermaid and will belong to Ursula forever, possibly becoming the latest polyp victim in her garden of other merpeople who made deals with Ursula and failed to fulfill their ends of the agreements. Ariel ponders over this, knowing that being a human would mean she would never be with her father or older sisters again, but eventually out of desperation and her love for Eric, she accepts the deal and signs a contract conjured by Ursula. Her voice is then sealed into a seashell on Ursula’s necklace. Ariel is then turned into a human and is helped to the surface by Flounder and Sebastian due to her now having the inability to swim and breathe underwater.
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DuckTales – The Masked Mallard
The use of education as an example is not an accident; in fact, many of the court’s cases dealing with the establishment clause have involved education, particularly public education, because school-age children are considered a special and vulnerable population. Perhaps no subject affected by the First Amendment has been more controversial than the issue of prayer in public schools. Discussion about school prayer has been particularly fraught because in many ways it appears to bring the two religious liberty clauses into conflict with each other. The free exercise clause, discussed below, guarantees the right of individuals to practice their religion without government interference—and while the rights of children are not as extensive in all areas as those of adults, the courts have consistently ruled that the free exercise clause’s guarantee of religious freedom applies to children as well.
During the day, the sun appears to move across the sky.
Sesame Street – Episode 4052
At the same time, however, government actions that require or encourage particular religious practices might infringe upon children’s rights to follow their own religious beliefs and thus, in effect, be unconstitutional establishments of religion. For example, a teacher, an athletic coach, or even a student reciting a prayer in front of a class or leading students in prayer as part of the organized school activities constitutes an illegal establishment of religion.14 Yet a school cannot prohibit voluntary, non-disruptive prayer by its students, because that would impair the free exercise of religion. So although the blanket statement that “prayer in schools is illegal” or unconstitutional is incorrect, the establishment clause does limit official endorsement of religion, including prayers organized or otherwise facilitated by school authorities, even as part of off-campus or extracurricular activities.15
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At the shore, Sebastian goes into a nervous panic over the predicament and begins to trot home to seek help from the king. Ariel pleads for Sebastian to stay, giving him the most pleading look she can muster without her voice to talk him out of it, and out of sympathy and guilt for being responsible for her grotto’s demise, he agrees reluctantly. Scuttle provides some “clothing” for Ariel in the meantime in the form of an old sail and rigging rope, just as they are discovered by Eric’s dog, Max, who leads his master to them. Eric faintly recognizes Ariel but doesn’t believe her to be the girl who rescued him from the shipwreck, due to her inability to speak. Nevertheless, he takes her to his castle, where Ariel is given a bath and proper clothing. At dinner, Ariel notices a fork and uses it to comb her hair, leaving Eric and his servants dumbfounded. Ariel then notices Grimsby’s pipe and tries to use it as a musical instrument, covering Grimsby with soot. Despite Ariel’s initial embarrassment, Eric finds her antics funny. Carlotta even notes that this is the first time Eric has smiled in quite some time, much to Ariel’s delight. Eric then invites Ariel on a tour of the kingdom, which she accepts.
During their outing, Sebastian, Flounder, and Scuttle anxiously watch on, awaiting the kiss. Ariel is more preoccupied with taking in the atmosphere of the human world; she even learns how to dance and ride a carriage. That evening, she and Eric go out for a boat ride in a lagoon. In hopes of initiating a kiss, Scuttle tries to provide some “vocal romantic stimulation”. However, his terrible squawking (mistaken for singing) which embarrasses both Ariel and Eric prompts Sebastian to lead some animals of the lagoon to create a more fitting mood with his song “Kiss the Girl”. Sebastian’s plan seems to have a positive effect on Ariel and Eric, as they steadily draw closer to each other. Before they can kiss, however, Flotsam and Jetsam purposely tip the boat over by order of Ursula (who’s been watching Ariel and Eric’s development from her fortress). This ruins the moment, thus ending Ariel and Eric’s date.
The next day (which is the third and last of Ariel’s human days), Scuttle delivers the news that Eric is getting hitched. Believing herself to be the girl in question, Ariel excitedly runs downstairs, only to see Eric with a dark-haired girl named Vanessa, whom he intends to marry. Devastated, Ariel breaks down in tears and runs off. As the wedding ship departs with Eric aboard, Ariel is left at the port to mourn her losses as Sebastian and Flounder do the same. Meanwhile, Scuttle discovers that Vanessa is actually Ursula in disguise and flies back to warn Ariel. Determined to save both herself and Eric, Ariel swims to the wedding ship with help from Flounder, while Sebastian returns to Atlantica to receive help from King Triton. Scuttle, meanwhile, rallies the lagoon animals to stall the wedding by assaulting Vanessa. Eventually, Ursula’s necklace is destroyed, releasing Ariel’s voice and freeing Eric from his trance. The two embrace each other as Eric finally realizes that Ariel is the girl who rescued him all along. Before they can kiss, however, the sun sets, and Ariel turns back into a mermaid.
Vanessa transforms back into Ursula, takes Ariel as her prisoner, and dives back into the sea with her. As Ursula thinks of her next move, Triton, having been alerted by Sebastian, confronts and orders her to release Ariel, to which she refuses. Ariel apologizes to Triton as he attempts to destroy Ursula’s contract, to no avail. Ursula proceeds to wither the princess and turn her into a polyp like all her other victims, proclaiming the contract to be legal, binding, and completely unbreakable, but offers her freedom should Triton be willing to take her place. Triton accepts, knowing this is all his fault in the first place because of his temper and prejudice, and overwrites Ariel’s signature on the contract with his own. Though Ariel is released, she is forced to watch as her father is withered and transformed into a polyp faster than when Ursula tried to do it to her, having sadistically slowed the transformation on Ariel to torture Triton into surrendering himself to save his daughter. Ursula then takes his crown and trident, becoming queen of the seas. Finally, Ariel realizes that she had manipulated her into obtaining her father’s power, and furiously tries to fight her off, but is no match for the empowered sea witch. Eric intervenes to help her, striking Ursula with a harpoon. She prepares to destroy him with the trident, but Ariel pulls on her hair just as it shoots, causing the shot to miss Eric and hit Flotsam and Jetsam instead, killing them.
After Ursula briefly mourns her pets’ loss, she delivers a furious, enraged glare towards Ariel and Eric, deciding that this ends now, before she enlarges herself as an even eviler, nastier, monstrous version of herself. Ariel and Eric try to escape but then face a towering, gigantic Ursula. She declares herself as ruler of the ocean who has the power to control the waves and create a rainstorm and whirlpool. Ariel is separated from Eric, and Ursula causes her to become trapped at the bottom of the whirlpool. She aims the trident at Ariel and fires bolts of pure destruction, who barely manages to avoid her painful destruction each time. Finally, just as Ursula prepares to use the trident to vaporize her with an unavoidable blast and taunting that she will never get to be with Eric, as Ariel looks on in absolute, terrified fear, he plunges the splintered bow of one of the shipwrecks (that have surfaced as a result of the whirlpool) through her abdomen, killing her and saving Ariel just in the nick of time and cutting Ursula’s reign of terror short.
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DuckTales – The Masked Mallard
But some laws that may appear to establish certain religious practices are allowed. For example, the courts have permitted religiously inspired blue laws that limit working hours or even shutter businesses on Sunday, the Christian day of rest, because by allowing people to practice their (Christian) faith, such rules may help ensure the “health, safety, recreation, and general well-being” of citizens. They have allowed restrictions on the sale of alcohol and sometimes other goods on Sunday for similar reasons. Such laws in Bergen County, New Jersey, and especially its borough of Paramus, shutter many retail stores every Sunday, despite Bergen having one of the largest concentrations of retail space in the nation and five large enclosed shopping malls. While various political figures, including Chris Christie, have proposed repealing the laws, town and county officials have vowed to keep them in place as a “quality of life” element. Many citizens support them, while others cite the difficulty in doing their own shopping and the impact on smaller retailers in their rationale for eliminating the restrictions.
From here on Earth, it seems as if Earth is stationary and that the sun, moon, and stars are moving around Earth.
Sesame Street – Episode 4052
The meaning of the establishment clause has been controversial at times because, as a matter of course, government officials acknowledge that we live in a society with vigorous religious practice where most people believe in God—even if we disagree on what God is. Disputes often arise over how much the government can acknowledge this widespread religious belief. The courts have generally allowed for a certain tolerance of what is described as ceremonial deism, an acknowledgement of God or a creator that generally lacks any substantive religious content. For example, the national motto “In God We Trust,” which appears on our coins and paper money (Figure 4.7), is seen as more an acknowledgment that most citizens believe in God than any serious effort by government officials to promote religious belief and practice. This reasoning has also been used to permit the inclusion of the phrase “under God” in the Pledge of Allegiance—a change that came about during the early years of the Cold War as a means of contrasting the United States with the “godless” Soviet Union.
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With Ursula defeated, her spells upon the unfortunate merpeople who made deals with her and failed to uphold them are broken, including the spell cast upon Triton, who transforms back into a merman. Eric manages to swim to shore at the surface, breaking down out of exhaustion as a saddened Ariel watches on from a nearby rock. Triton and Sebastian look on from a distance, the former finally softening up toward humans upon realizing Eric risked his own life to save Ariel. Knowing the love between them is pure and true, and despite their differences as species, Triton uses the power of the trident to permanently transform Ariel into a human, granting his daughter her wish and allowing her to be with the one she loves, at long last. After the transformation, she walks up to the shore, where she is happily reunited with Eric as he embraces her, and they share their first kiss. Soon, they have their wedding on the wedding ship attended by his loyal subjects on board and her family and friends in the sea around the ship. She silently bids farewell to Scuttle and Flounder and reconciles with her father by giving him a heartwarming hug and telling him that she loves him before happily sailing away with Eric. Triton then casts a beautiful rainbow over the sky to wish the couple well as they start their new future together. Due to Ariel’s courage and earlier sacrifices, Triton understands that not all humans are bad and accepts Eric, her new husband, as his new son-in-law.
The prequel series, which had debuted in 1992, takes place during an indeterminate time chronologically before the 1989 film and revolves around Ariel’s adventures as a 15 to 16-year-old mermaid living under the sea.
Most of her adventures involve her meeting various creatures, getting into trouble and usually getting out of it successfully. Her friends, Flounder and Sebastian, are also featured prominently. She is also shown to have mermaid friends named Urchin, an orphaned merboy, and Gabriella, a deaf-mute Latina mermaid.
It also has her meeting Hans Christian Andersen, which also hints at both her possible birth year (i.e. during his lifetime, yet at least 16 years before the writing of The Little Mermaid, which, in a manner of speaking, makes him her creator) and the possible chronological events of the series, due to her being a direct influence on the creation of the story. She also gets along well with Sebastian’s young Crab Scouts, as she is shown cradling one of them when they’re tired in “Tail of Two Crabs”.
Ariel continues to be fascinated with human objects in the series and is shown collecting them for her grotto; she gives them strange names such as calling an ordinary telescope a “thingamabob”, and giving many human objects as “majigers” in quite a number of episodes e.g. calling a magnifying glass a “biggermajiger” in “Charmed”.
Many episodes show her working to foil enemies who would do harm to Atlantica. Eric is sometimes shown, but she always just misses seeing him, preserving the continuity that she sees him first in the 1989 film.
In this 2000 direct-to-video sequel, Ariel serves as the deuteragonist. Here, she serves as the princess consort in Eric’s kingdom following their marriage.
It is shown that she has given birth to a daughter named Melody (the new protagonist) prior to the start of the film. When we first see her playing with the beautiful newborn Melody, many toys of Flounder, Sebastian and other fish can be seen in the room, showing that she misses her old friends and family with how long she’s been human thanks to Triton and living happily with Eric. When Melody’s safety is threatened by a sea witch named Morgana (Ursula’s younger sister), seeking revenge for her sister’s demise, Ariel and Eric decide they must keep Melody away from the sea, and to this effect, they build a large wall separating the castle from it. It remains like this for Melody’s first twelve years of her life, until her 12th birthday. Ariel also leaves the locket Triton gave Melody on her christening day with him to have released into the ocean to sink to where it would never be found, while also knowing that this may be the last time she would see her father while he sent out his royal guards to hunt down Morgana and bring her to justice.
As a consequence, this also meant Ariel couldn’t visit her ancestral home, making her miss Triton and her sisters deeply, but only when alone so Melody doesn’t learn the truth of her mermaid heritage. Unknown to her or Eric, however, Melody was secretly swimming out on shore while they weren’t noticing.
On her daughter’s 12th birthday, Ariel becomes homesick as she misses her family and friends, and she secretly puts her feet in the water, before she goes upstairs when Melody notices her. As she helps Melody get ready for the birthday party, Ariel hears from Melody that she doesn’t want to attend the party since her peers think she is strange, to which Ariel sympathizes with, and tells her that she had a similar experience to hers. Melody looks at the sea and is about to tell her mother what she really wants, but is interrupted by Eric, who brings the girl to the party. Ariel decides to continue the conversation with Melody after the party.
Toy Story
A Goofy Movie
DuckTales – The Masked Mallard
In addition, the courts have allowed some religiously motivated actions by government agencies, such as clergy delivering prayers to open city council meetings and legislative sessions, on the presumption that—unlike school children—adult participants can distinguish between the government’s allowing someone to speak and endorsing that person’s speech. Yet, while some displays of religious codes (e.g., Ten Commandments) are permitted in the context of showing the evolution of law over the centuries (Figure 4.7), in other cases, these displays have been removed after state supreme court rulings. In Oklahoma, the courts ordered the removal of a Ten Commandments sculpture at the state capitol when other groups, including Satanists and the Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster, attempted to get their own sculptures allowed there.
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In 1990, the Supreme Court made a controversial decision substantially narrowing the Sherbert test in Employment Division v. Smith, more popularly known as “the peyote case.”20 This case involved two men who were members of the Native American Church, a religious organization that uses the hallucinogenic peyote plant as part of its sacraments. After being arrested for possession of peyote, the two men were fired from their jobs as counselors at a private drug rehabilitation clinic. When they applied for unemployment benefits, the state refused to pay on the basis that they had been dismissed for work-related reasons. The men appealed the denial of benefits and were initially successful, since the state courts applied the Sherbert test and found that the denial of unemployment benefits burdened their religious beliefs. However, the Supreme Court ruled in a 6–3 decision that the “compelling governmental interest” standard should not apply; instead, so long as the law was not designed to target a person’s religious beliefs in particular, it was not up to the courts to decide that those beliefs were more important than the law in question.
Toy Story
A Goofy Movie
Years before the events of the original film, Ariel and her sisters enjoy a music-filled life in Atlantica, with their father King Triton, and their mother, Queen Athena. One day the merpeople are shown relaxing in a lagoon above water, playing music for Triton and Athena’s anniversary and Triton gives Athena a music box. Suddenly, a big pirate ship approaches attacks the merpeople, and snatches their musical instruments. Ariel, Arista, Aquata, and Adella are carried to safety by Triton while everyone else escapes except Athena, who is fatally crushed by the ship when she tries to save the music box after saving Attina due to the pirates losing control of the ship and run it aground, breaking the keel and sinking it. Devastated by her death, Triton throws it into the ocean and bans music from the kingdom.
Ten years later, Ariel and her sisters live under a strict routine maintained by their governess Marina Del Rey and her assistant, Benjamin. Marina hates being the girls’ governess and longs to be Triton’s attaché, a job currently filled by Sebastian. Ariel is frustrated by their current lifestyle, which brings her into conflict with her father. One day, Ariel encounters Flounder, whom she later follows to an underground music club. She is overjoyed by the presence of music and is shocked when she sees Sebastian performing there. When her presence is revealed, the entire band stops playing and hides, believing Ariel will tell her father about them. Ariel sings a song explaining her love of music and the remembrance of her mother, and she joins the club with an oath.
Ariel returns to the palace, and the sisters confront her over her disappearance. She explains where she was, and the following night all seven girls go to the club to have fun. Marina secretly finds them, and she later reports their activities to Triton. Sebastian, Flounder and the band are sent to jail while Marina gets the job she wants.
Triton confines his daughters to the palace, which results in Ariel asking him why music isn’t allowed. Triton refuses to answer and shouts that he won’t have music in his kingdom. Distraught, Ariel confronts Triton and says that Athena wouldn’t have wanted music to be forbidden and angrily swims to the girls’ bedroom, her saddened sisters soon following, while Marina, who is not the girls’ governess anymore, is now Triton’s new attaché. That night, she decides to leave Atlantica and frees the jailbirds. Sebastian leads them to a deserted place far from the palace where Ariel finds Athena’s music box, as Sebastian hoped. Ariel and Sebastian decide to return to Atlantica to bring the music box to Triton, hoping that it will change his mind, as he has forgotten how to be happy after Athena’s death.
On the way back, Marina and her electric eels confront Ariel, Flounder, and Sebastian. Before music is restored to the kingdom, the final battle begins when Marina bans Ariel from going back to Atlantica. Marina wants to stop them, so she will retain her position of “power”, and a struggle ensues. It ends when Marina barrels towards Sebastian, but Ariel pushes him away, getting hit in the process. Triton arrives in time to witness this, and he is remorseful for his actions. He sings the lyrics of “Athena’s Song”, and Ariel wakes up. The film ends with Triton restoring music to Atlantica and appointing Sebastian as the new court composer, much to everyone’s glee with Ariel and Flounder. Everyone, including Ariel, Sebastian, Flounder, and six older sisters, rejoices except Marina, who has been sent to prison.
In the original concept for Ariel’s Beginning, then known as The Little Mermaid III, Ariel, alongside Sebastian, was supposed to accompany Eric and Melody in locating a white whale.
“Sofia’s amulet brought me here to help! Now what’s going on, Sofia?”
―Ariel to Sofia
Ariel appeared in the special “The Floating Palace”. She was the first princess to be seen twice in an episode, and the fourth princess to appear in the series, overall.
Ariel is summoned to help her new friend Sofia with her trouble of saving her mermaid friend and her family’s ship in danger and sings “The Love We Share” to encourage Sofia to enlist Cora to help her save Oona. She is later seen at the end of the special by the floating palace jumping into the water.
In “Forever Royal” when Sofia is battling Vor inside her amulet, Ariel appears to Sofia in spirit form along with all the other princesses who have been summoned to help Sofia in her times of need, and they encourage her to be brave and strong for they all believe in her.
Toy Story
A Goofy Movie
DuckTales – The Masked Mallard
On the surface, a case involving the Native American Church seems unlikely to arouse much controversy. But because it replaced the Sherbert test with one that allowed more government regulation of religious practices, followers of other religious traditions grew concerned that state and local laws, even ones neutral on their face, might be used to curtail their religious practices. In 1993, in response to this decision, Congress passed a law known as the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA), which was followed in 2000 by the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act after part of the RFRA was struck down by the Supreme Court. In addition, since 1990, twenty-one states have passed state RFRAs that include the Sherbert test in state law, and state court decisions in eleven states have enshrined the Sherbert test’s compelling governmental interest interpretation of the free exercise clause into state law.21
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Censorship reached its height during World War I. The United States was swept up in two waves of hysteria. Anti-German feeling was provoked by the actions of Germany and its allies leading up to the war, including the sinking of the RMS Lusitania and the Zimmerman Telegram, an effort by the Germans to conclude an alliance with Mexico against the United States. This concern was compounded in 1917 by the Bolshevik revolution against the more moderate interim government of Russia; the leaders of the Bolsheviks, most notably Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, and Joseph Stalin, withdrew from the war against Germany and called for communist revolutionaries to overthrow the capitalist, democratic governments in western Europe and North America.
Americans who vocally supported the communist cause or opposed the war often found themselves in jail. In Schenck v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that people encouraging young men to dodge the draft could be imprisoned for doing so, arguing that recommending that people disobey the law was tantamount to “falsely shouting fire in a theatre and causing a panic” and thus presented a “clear and present danger” to public order.27 Similarly, communists and other revolutionary anarchists and socialists during the Red Scare after the war were prosecuted under various state and federal laws for supporting the forceful or violent overthrow of government. This general approach to political speech remained in place for the next fifty years.
Toy Story
A Goofy Movie
Twenty-eight years later in Neverland, Regina, working with Rumplestiltskin, returns Ariel’s voice in exchange for her help. Ariel agrees to return to Storybrooke and retrieve a weapon from Rumplestiltskin’s shop that will be strong enough to stop Peter Pan. If the mission succeeds, the Queen promises to make Ariel human permanently and be with Eric.
Ariel’s next appearance in Once Upon a Time is titled “Dark Hollow”. This episode immediately picks up after the events of “Ariel”. Gold shows Ariel how to get to Storybrooke and tells her to find Belle and give her a sand dollar with a message from him. Though Regina chooses not to tell Ariel where to find Eric, she does warn her that she only has one hour. When Ariel arrives in Storybrooke, she meets with Grumpy, who takes her to Belle.
After learning that Ariel was sent by Rumplestiltskin, Belle takes her to Gold’s shop, where Belle deciphers Gold’s coded message and retrieves the item that he requires: Pandora’s Box. However, before they can do anything, they are ambushed by John and Michael Darling, who is now working for Peter Pan. John and Michael the two of them up and take the item to destroy it. To get out of the ropes, Belle removes Ariel’s bracelet, which allows Ariel to wiggle free from the ropes and undo Belle’s bindings. Ariel then puts the bracelet back on and goes after John and Michael.
Belle and Ariel find John and Michael just before they destroy the box. Belle is able to stop them by activating a mine cart on the tracks, which throws Michael and John off their feet. Using the time to her advantage, she grabs the box and kicks their gun away. John and Michael reveal that the only reason they are working for Pan is that he has been holding their sister Wendy hostage. Belle manages to convince them, however, that if they help her, the ones in Neverland will be able to use Pandora’s box to defeat Pan.
Ariel returns to Neverland and gives Pandora’s box to Gold. As a reward, Regina enchants the bracelet, so that Ariel can become a human whenever she wishes. Before Ariel departs, she tells Regina and Gold about Wendy’s situation. Regina exhibits no concern about Wendy since she only cares about Henry. However, Ariel manages to convince her and Gold to do what they can to help Wendy. Upon returning to Storybrooke, Ariel finds Eric working as a fisherman. The two of them are then reunited and reconciled.
Toy Story
A Goofy Movie
DuckTales – The Masked Mallard
In the 1960s, however, the Supreme Court’s rulings on free expression became more liberal, in response to the Vietnam War and the growing antiwar movement. In a 1969 case involving the Ku Klux Klan, Brandenburg v. Ohio, the Supreme Court found that only speech or writing that constituted a direct call or plan to imminent lawless action, an illegal act in the immediate future, could be suppressed; the mere advocacy of a hypothetical revolution was not enough.28 The Supreme Court also found that various forms of symbolic speech—wearing clothing like an armband that carried a political symbol or raising a fist in the air, for example—were subject to the same protections as written and spoken communication. More recently, symbolic speech related to the U.S. flag has engendered intense debate. Whether one should kneel during the national anthem, or ought to be able to burn the U.S. flag, are key questions.
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Freedom of the press is an important component of the right to free expression as well. In Near v. Minnesota, an early case regarding press freedoms, the Supreme Court ruled that the government generally could not engage in prior restraint; that is, states and the federal government could not in advance prohibit someone from publishing something without a very compelling reason.31 This standard was reinforced in 1971 in the Pentagon Papers case, in which the Supreme Court found that the government could not prohibit the New York Times and Washington Post newspapers from publishing the Pentagon Papers.32 These papers included materials from a secret history of the Vietnam War that had been compiled by the military. More specifically, the papers were compiled at the request of Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara and provided a study of U.S. political and military involvement in Vietnam from 1945 to 1967. Daniel Ellsberg famously released passages of the Papers to the press to show that the United States had secretly enlarged the scope of the war by bombing Cambodia and Laos among other deeds while lying to the American public about doing so.
Toy Story
A Goofy Movie
Ariel approaches King Triton, her father, who is very upset with his daughter because she missed the Coral Moon. Ariel was supposed to attend this event with her sisters and Triton scolds her for not attending the event. Ariel visits her grotto showing a collection of objects as she sings the musical number, “Part of Your World” to help her father understand. Later that night, Ariel hears explosions from above the surface, which she thinks is dangerous, much to Flounder’s worry only to find out that she is seeing fireworks exploding into the sky because Prince Eric is celebrating his birthday on his ship. All of a sudden, Eric’s ship crashes into a rock formation, causing Eric, the surviving crew, and his dog Max to retreat, Ariel then notices Eric sinking underwater, leading her to save him from drowning.
The next day, Ariel approaches an injured Eric where she sings a reprise of “Part of Your World”, only for Ariel to retreat from a group of castle guards searching for Eric just as the guards bring him back home to safety. Back underwater, Ariel approaches Sebastian who tells her to stay under the sea, convincing her that the above world is very dangerous for mermaids, telling her that life under the sea is much better than anything they got up there. Throughout the musical number “Under the Sea”, Sebastian tries to convince Ariel to stay out of the human world and feel comfortable living under the sea just as the sea creatures continue dancing, only for Ariel to disappear. Sebastian and the other sea creatures notice this, making Sebastian worry that Ariel left just as the other sea creatures leave.
Later, Ariel approaches King Triton who becomes furious with her for saving a human from drowning. When Ariel genuinely refuses to promise her father to never see Eric again, Triton furiously destroys all the treasures in Ariel’s grotto, much to Ariel’s sadness. Ariel then plans to meet Ursula in her lair by following Flotsam and Jetsam to change her fate.
As Ariel enters Ursula’s lair, she encounters various merpeople who were turned into polyps. She encounters Ursula who gives her an opportunity to change her fate regarding her love interest Eric. During the number “Poor Unfortunate Souls”, Ursula gives Ariel a deal to find true love’s kiss in falling in love with Eric within three days or she will turn into a mermaid forever. Accepting the deal, Ariel trades her mermaid tail, her voice, and her ability to breathe underwater, causing Ariel to turn into a human. Ariel swims up to the surface where she is rescued by a fisherman who takes her to Eric’s castle. Now in human form, Ariel sings in her thoughts during the musical number “For the First Time” as she adapts to her life living on land. Ariel, now wearing a dress, spends her first day in the castle attempting to fall in love with Eric whom he was searching for. Her attempt is a failure due to Ariel’s inability to talk. On the second day, Eric gives Ariel a tour around the kingdom while Sebastian realizes that Ursula, the sea witch, was the one who put a spell on her, causing Ariel to forget that she has to kiss Eric before the last day. That night, Ariel and Eric sit on a boat sailing across the lagoon during the musical number “Kiss the Girl” where Sebastian, Flounder, and Scuttle sing to the couple for them to kiss, but Ariel’s attempt to kiss Eric is unsuccessful, due to Ursula’s eels, Flotsam and Jetsam, knocking them off the boat.
On the third day, Scuttle reports to Ariel what she heard about Ursula who is disguised as “Vanessa” planning to hypnotize and marry Eric. Ariel then arrives at the area where the wedding between Eric and “Vanessa” is taking place at Eric’s castle. Ariel confronts “Vanessa” and shatters the shell necklace to reclaim her voice, causing “Vanessa” to be revealed to be Ursula as well as Eric freed from Ursula’s spell. However, before Ariel and Eric can kiss, the sun goes down and Ariel suddenly regains her mermaid tail, transforming her from her human form back to her mermaid form just before Ursula reveals her true form and takes her hostage, diving back into the ocean.
Toy Story
A Goofy Movie
DuckTales – The Masked Mallard
Although people who leak secret information to the media can still be prosecuted and punished, this does not generally extend to reporters and news outlets that pass that information on to the public. The Edward Snowden case is another good case in point. Snowden himself, rather than those involved in promoting the information that he shared, is the object of criminal prosecution.
Furthermore, the courts have recognized that government officials and other public figures might try to silence press criticism and avoid unfavorable news coverage by threatening a lawsuit for defamation of character. In the 1964 New York Times v. Sullivan case, the Supreme Court decided that public figures needed to demonstrate not only that a negative press statement about them was untrue but also that the statement was published or made with either malicious intent or “reckless disregard” for the truth.33 This ruling made it much harder for politicians to silence potential critics or to bankrupt their political opponents through the courts.
Looks like the beginning and a repeat of student protestors like those that occurred during the Vietnam war.